GUWAHATI: The Supreme Court has issued a fresh directive to all States and Union Territories to complete the ground verification and demarcation of wetlands, emphasizing the urgent need to protect these critical ecosystems. The order comes in light of data from ISRO, which recorded a major rise in the number of wetlands over the years, from 2,01,503 in 2017 to 2,31,195 in 2021. However, despite these numbers, on-ground action has been largely inadequate, with Assam’s Deepor Beel being one such wetland awaiting proper conservation efforts.
ALSO READ: Gauhati HC Seeks SOP Implementation Update For Assam’s Transgender Medical Facilities
The Court observed that while State Wetland Authorities have been established under the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017, many states have failed to conduct the required "ground truthing"—a critical step involving physical inspection and validation of wetlands identified through satellite data. Apart from Punjab, most states have made little progress in this regard.
Deepor Beel’s Urgent Need for Protection
Deepor Beel, a designated Ramsar site and an important ecological hotspot near Guwahati, was highlighted in the list of wetlands needing immediate attention. Covering an area of 4,000 hectares, it serves as a natural flood basin and a habitat for numerous migratory birds and aquatic species. Despite its ecological significance, the wetland has been under threat due to encroachments, pollution, and a lack of proper monitoring.
Court’s Directive to State Wetland Authorities
The Supreme Court directed each State and Union Territory Wetland Authority to:
* Complete ground truthing and verify the boundaries of all identified wetlands using data from the Space Application Center (SAC) Atlas 2021.
* Digitally map and list wetlands and upload the inventory on a central web portal within the stipulated time.
* Prepare comprehensive management plans for each wetland, focusing on sustainable use and conservation.
* Identify prohibited and regulated activities around wetlands to curb harmful practices.
The Court also reminded the authorities that these functions are statutory obligations under the 2017 Rules and must be taken seriously.
Deepor Beel and Ramsar Sites Monitoring
Deepor Beel is one of 85 Ramsar sites across India listed for special protection under the Ramsar Convention. The Court reiterated its earlier order from 2017, asking High Courts to treat the protection of Ramsar sites as a matter of public interest. High Courts have been directed to monitor the implementation of wetland management plans and ensure that conservation efforts are sustained.
The Additional Solicitor General assured the Court that regular monitoring of wetland authorities' progress will be conducted. A detailed affidavit will be submitted before the next hearing scheduled for March 25.
