GUWAHATI: India ranked 134 out of 193 countries in 2022 as far as human development index (HDI) is concerned, moving up just one place from 135 in 2021, according to the latest Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). India also exhibited one of the largest gender gaps in labour force participation rate, with a 47.8% difference between women and men.
The marginal improvement in HDI is attributed to advancements across all HDI indicators, including an increase in life expectancy, expected years of schooling, and per capita Gross National Income (GNI). Despite this, India remains among Group 5 countries with a low rank on the Gender Development Index (GDI).
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The UNDP's Human Development Report 2023-24 reveals that India has shown progress in reducing gender inequality, ranking 108 out of 166 countries in the Gender Inequality Index (GII) in 2022, compared to 122 out of 170 nations in 2021. India's GII value of 0.437 in 2022 is better than the global average of 0.462 and the South Asian average of 0.478.
The GDI measures gender gaps in health, schooling, and living standards. While there is progress in life expectancy and expected years of schooling, disparities persist in mean years of schooling and Gross National Income per capita between females and males.
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Nepal and Bhutan share the 'medium human development' category with India, while China and Sri Lanka are placed in the 'high human development' category. The report also indicates a global trend of uneven progress in HDI, with the gap between the richest and poorest countries widening after two decades of convergence.
