GUWAHATI: In a groundbreaking development, researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, in collaboration with the University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, have devised innovative treatment solutions for a common yet challenging knee injury known as a meniscus tear.
The research, led by Prof. Biman B. Mandal from the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering at IIT Guwahati, has resulted in the creation of three regenerative therapies tailored to address the complex issue of knee meniscus tears. These therapies offer customised solutions for each patient, revolutionising the treatment for this debilitating condition.
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Knee meniscus tears, often caused by accidents, sports injuries, or aging, can severely impact an individual's ability to perform everyday activities such as walking and running. Conventional treatments for such injuries are limited, with surgical removal of the damaged tissue posing long-term risks of joint discomfort and osteoarthritis.
The researchers' approaches, detailed in three manuscripts published in renowned international journals, Applied Materials Today and Advanced Biology, offer new hope for patients suffering from knee meniscus tears. Collaborators from IIT Guwahati and the University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, have contributed to these pioneering studies.
The treatments developed by the team include injectable hydrogels and 3D bio-printable inks, both comprising silk fibroin and other polymers known for their strength, bioactivity, and flexibility. These materials are not only effective but also cost-effective compared to existing alternatives.
The injectable hydrogel, designed for smaller injuries, can be administered minimally invasively to expedite healing. For more extensive injuries, the researchers have developed two bio-printable inks that can be used to create implants for partial or full-sized menisci. These implants are customised for each patient using 3D printing technology, ensuring a perfect fit and promoting rapid recovery.
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Prof. Mandal emphasised the urgent need for personalised and affordable treatment options, particularly in light of the limitations and risks associated with current interventions. The new techniques aim to address these challenges, offering patients a chance to regain mobility without the fear of pain or osteoarthritis.
The research, supported by funding from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) and the Department of Science and Technology (DST), represents a significant step forward in the field of regenerative medicine. It holds promise for millions of individuals worldwide grappling with knee meniscus injuries.